A study conducted by the University of Granada and the Spanish National Research Council compared the carbon footprints of four diets: omnivorous Mediterranean, pesco-vegetarian, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, and vegan. The results showed that transitioning to a vegan diet could almost halve the carbon footprint compared to the omnivorous Mediterranean diet, with a 46% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and significant decreases in water use and land occupation.

The research team created nutritionally balanced daily menus for each diet, finding that meat-free diets were nutritionally balanced with the exception of small deficits in vitamin D, iodine, and vitamin B12 that could be easily remedied with supplements. The study highlights the environmental benefits of plant-based diets, which are equally as nutritious and healthy as the Mediterranean diet. The researchers urge individuals to consider making small steps towards a more plant-based diet to reduce emissions and save resources, emphasizing that every bit counts in making a positive impact on the planet.