Based on an analysis of six major clinical trials, there is evidence to suggest that a plant-based diet can play a significant role in influencing atherosclerosis, a chronic disease characterized by plaque buildup in the arteries. Studies such as the Lifestyle Heart Trial, the STARS trial, and the SCRIP trial have shown that lifestyle changes that include a whole foods vegetarian diet, exercise, stress management, and other interventions can slow plaque progression and potentially lead to regression.

Furthermore, more recent trials such as PREDIMED and CORDIOPREV have indicated that diets rich in unsaturated fats, fiber, and plant-based foods like nuts, seeds, and extra virgin olive oil may offer stronger protection against heart disease compared to low-fat diets. The evidence suggests that while a plant-based diet alone may lead to modest plaque regression, the most effective approach involves a comprehensive lifestyle change that combines diet, physical activity, and medical treatment when necessary to significantly lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes.